This session focuses on the complex interplay between viruses and their hosts, a fundamental aspect of understanding viral pathogenesis and disease outcomes. Discussions will cover mechanisms of viral entry, replication, and immune evasion, alongside host defense strategies ranging from innate immunity to adaptive responses. Experts will highlight advances in molecular virology, immunology, and genomics that shed light on these interactions, with implications for therapeutic development and vaccine design. By bridging basic science with clinical applications, the session aims to deepen knowledge of host?virus dynamics and foster innovative approaches to prevent and treat viral diseases.