This session explores geological processes shaping the Earth's surface, including plate tectonics, volcanism, erosion, and sedimentation. Discussions will cover advancements in geophysical surveys, remote sensing technologies, and modeling techniques to understand Earth system dynamics. Understanding geological processes is essential for predicting natural hazards, managing water resources, and assessing geological risks associated with infrastructure development. By convening geoscientists, researchers, and policymakers, this session aims to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and advance knowledge in Earth system sciences for sustainable resource management and environmental protection