Materials Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Houari Boumediene University of Science and Technology, Bab Ezzouar, BP32, El Alia, Algiers, Algeria.
Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, has revolutionized the production of complex structures across various industries, including aerospace, automotive, healthcare, and electronics. By enabling the direct fabrication of components from digital models, AM offers unprecedented design flexibility, material efficiency, and the potential for mass customization. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the most prominent AM technologies, including selective laser sintering (SLS), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and electron beam melting (EBM). The paper also addresses the key challenges associated with AM, such as material limitations, surface finish quality, and scalability. Additionally, the discussion covers recent innovations in AM materials, including metals, polymers, and ceramics, and their impact on expanding AM applications. Looking forward, the paper examines potential solutions to overcome these challenges and the role of AM in the future of advanced manufacturing.